Question 1

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _______ from a _______ template strand.

Accepted Answer

A)   5´ to 3´; 5´ to 3´
B)   5´ to 3´; 3´ to 5´
C)   3´ to 5´; 5´ to 3´
D)   3´ to 5´; 3´ to 5´
E)   5´ to 5´; 3´ to 3´F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Single-stranded RNA replicates by

Accepted Answer

A)   making an RNA strand that is complementary to the original RNA strand.
B)   using an adapter molecule.
C)   the process of transcription.
D)   the process of translation.
E)   the process of reverse transcription.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide chains following translation is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide...

Question 4

Poly uracil codes for

Accepted Answer

A)   three different amino acids.
B)   poly tryptophan.
C)   mRNA.
D)   a fatty acid.
E)   phenylalanine.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Activating enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)   are sometimes referred to as the second genetic code.
B)   link the right tRNAs and amino acids.
C)   are also known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
D)   are specific for one amino acid.
E)   All of the aboveF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

The one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis resulted from the work of _______.

Accepted Answer

Beadle and Tatum

Question 7

During translation initiation, the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is the

Accepted Answer

A)   A site.
B)   B site.
C)   large subunit.
D)   T site.
E)   P site.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

If codons were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, how many different possible amino acids could be specified?

Accepted Answer

A)   16
B)   64
C)   8
D)   32
E)   128F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 9

A transcription start signal is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   initiation codon.
B)   promoter.
C)   origin.
D)   operator.
E)   nonsense codon.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D) B

Question 10

Processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes involves

Accepted Answer

A)   splicing out exons from the primary transcript.
B)   adding a poly-A tail to the 5' end.
C)   adding a G-cap to the 5' end.
D)   scrambling gene sequences.
E)   transport of the primary transcript to the cytoplasm.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Posttranslational alterations of proteins

Accepted Answer

A)   can affect the activity of an enzyme.
B)   may operate in signal transduction.
C)   include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins.
D)   include the cleavage of signal sequences.
E)   All of the aboveF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

The tail added to pre-mRNA is

Accepted Answer

A)   coded for by DNA.
B)   composed of poly T.
C)   important for mRNA stability.
D)   attached to its 5´ end.
E)   All of the aboveF) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

A mutation occurs such that a spliceosome cannot remove one of the introns in a gene. What effect will this have on that gene?

Accepted Answer

A)   It will have no effect; the gene will be transcribed and translated into protein.
B)   Transcription will terminate early and the protein will not be made.
C)   Transcription will proceed, but translation will stop at the site where the intron remains.
D)   Translation will continue, but a nonfunctional protein will be made.
E)   Translation will continue and will skip the intron sequence.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

In eukaryotic cells, proteins that contain covalently attached sugar residues are translated

Accepted Answer

A)   in the nucleus.
B)   in the cytoplasm.
C)   in mitochondria.
D)   on the endoplasmic reticulum.
E)   on the Golgi apparatus.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

A protein that is destined to be excreted from the cell that is making it

Accepted Answer

A)   has a signal sequence that targets it to the plasma membrane.
B)   is made solely by ribosomes free in the cytosol.
C)   has a signal sequence that stops translation and directs the protein and the ribosome to which it is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
D)   is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum as a soluble protein.
E)   is targeted directly to lysosomes.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Biologists often look for organisms that are easy to grow in the laboratory and that demonstrate the phenomenon they wish to study. These organisms are called _______ organisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biologists often look for organisms that are...

Question 17

Which of the following statements about codons and anticodons is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The codon bonds covalently with the anticodon.
B)   The base sequences are the same.
C)   There are 64 codons and 61 anticodons.
D)   Activating enzymes link codons and anticodons.
E)   At contact, the codon and the anticodon are antiparallel to each other.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following does not occur after eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter
B)   Capping of the 5´ end
C)   Addition of a poly A tail to the 3´ end
D)   Splicing out of the introns
E)   Transport to the cytosolF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 19

A gene product can be

Accepted Answer

A)   an enzyme.
B)   a polypeptide.
C)   RNA.
D)   microRNA.
E)   All of the aboveF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Promoters are made of

Accepted Answer

A)   proteins.
B)   carbohydrates.
C)   lipids.
D)   nucleic acids.
E)   amino acids.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C) D

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _______ from a _______ template strand.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single-stranded RNA replicates by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide chains following translation is called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poly uracil codes for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activating enzymes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis resulted from the work of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedBeadle and Tatum

During translation initiation, the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If codons were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, how many different possible amino acids could be specified?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A transcription start signal is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Posttranslational alterations of proteins

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tail added to pre-mRNA is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation occurs such that a spliceosome cannot remove one of the introns in a gene. What effect will this have on that gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotic cells, proteins that contain covalently attached sugar residues are translated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A protein that is destined to be excreted from the cell that is making it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biologists often look for organisms that are easy to grow in the laboratory and that demonstrate the phenomenon they wish to study. These organisms are called _______ organisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about codons and anticodons is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not occur after eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gene product can be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Promoters are made of

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _ from a _ template strand.

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Beadle and Tatum

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B

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D