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Social loafing would be least likely to occur


A) in a boys' club trying to raise money by holding a Saturday car wash.
B) in a relay race in which each team member's performance is timed.
C) in a community garden where each family is expected to contribute whatever free time they have.
D) in a work crew building a new highway.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is not a determinant of minority influence?


A) defections from the majority
B) self-confidence
C) consistency
D) open-mindedness

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A gang is __________ dangerous __________ the sum of its individual parts.


A) as; as
B) more; than
C) less; than
D) some times less and some times more; than

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Studies of athletes have found an advantage for home teams in that they win about 6 in 10 games. According to the research in your text, which statement is the best explanation as to why this might this be so?


A) Athletes feel more comfortable on their "home turf" and are more relaxed.
B) Athletes perform well-practiced skills, which explains why they perform best when energized by a supportive crowd.
C) Athletes are not performing their dominant response when they are playing another team who has the home advantage.
D) Athletes are overly stressed by performing in front of their own fans, and this pressure causes their performance to only be slightly above chance.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Janis's (1982) recommendations for preventing groupthink includes which of the following:


A) Be impartial-do not endorse any position.
B) Welcome critiques from outside experts and associates.
C) Both A and B.
D) None of these choices.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Explain the role of evaluation apprehension in both social facilitation and social loafing.

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Evaluation apprehension refers to the fe...

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______________ leaders focus on getting to know their subordinates and listening carefully, while maintaining high expectations of how subordinates will perform.


A) task
B) social
C) transactional
D) transformational

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Research on social facilitation suggests that the design of new office buildings in which private offices are replaced with large, open areas may


A) invade privacy and disrupt worker morale.
B) improve communication and build employee morale.
C) disrupt creative thinking on complex tasks.
D) disrupt performance of routine clerical tasks.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The symptoms of groupthink illustrate which of the following social psychological processes?


A) self-serving bias
B) self-justification
C) conformity
D) all of these choices

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Zajonc resolved the conflicting findings on how the presence of others influences performance with the help of the well-established principle in experimental psychology that arousal


A) enhances whatever response tendency is dominant.
B) interferes with the performance of simple tasks.
C) inhibits coordination of efforts.
D) weakens competing motives.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Barbara is a professor and gives lectures to groups of students ranging from 40 to 100. She is never anxious, enjoys giving these lectures, and doesn't have many problems speaking in front of the students. However, at a conference, Barbara has been asked to speak in front of a group of approximately 1000 of her academic peers. Based on the principles in your text, Barbara is most likely to


A) experience enhanced performance because she is engaging in a well-learned behaviour.
B) present her speech without much difference between the way she lectures to her students.
C) experience some difficulty during her speech due to anxiety that interferes with her speaking abilities.
D) experience excessive anxiety and be unable to perform her speech.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Your family is considering buying a new family car. Although it will be expensive, you really want the new car. Your parents like the idea, but they have doubts about the cost. What might you do to strengthen their attitudes toward buying a new car?


A) Suggest holding a family discussion
B) Present strong counterarguments
C) Try to convince each of your parents separately
D) None of these choices

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Minority influence is most likely to have an impact through


A) central route persuasion.
B) peripheral route persuasion.
C) normative influence processes.
D) the foot-in-the-door principle.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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When the mere presence of others strengthens the dominant response, ________________ has occurred.


A) coaction
B) competition
C) social facilitation
D) group polarization

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Norman Triplett is to ________________ as Irving Janis is to __________________.


A) social facilitation; social loafing
B) deindividuation; group polarization
C) groupthink; social loafing
D) social facilitation; groupthink

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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When arousal and diffused responsibility combine and normal inhibitions diminish, this may result in which of the following behaviours?


A) mild lessening of restraint
B) impulsive self-gratification
C) destructive social explosions
D) all of these choices

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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In a study by Latané and his colleagues, participants were asked to shout and clap as loud as possible. Participants produced the most noise when they


A) thought they were shouting alone.
B) thought there was one other person shouting with them.
C) thought there were five other people shouting with them.
D) were not feeling any evaluation apprehension.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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When being observed __________ evaluation concerns, social facilitation occurs; when being lost in a crowd __________ evaluation concerns, social loafing occurs.


A) increases; decreases
B) decreases; increases
C) increases; increases
D) decreases; decreases

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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For simple tasks, ______________ occurs when observation increases evaluation apprehension, whereas ______________ occurs when the pooling of effort lowers evaluation apprehension.


A) social facilitation; social loafing
B) social loafing; group polarization
C) deindividuation; social loafing
D) social loafing; deindividuation

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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In a neighborhood dispute over a new zoning law, some of your neighbors think the change will be positive, but others are against it. After discussing the issue with your next-door neighbors, you feel much more strongly against the law than you did before. This can best be explained by


A) propinquity.
B) group polarization.
C) deindividuation.
D) pluralistic ignorance.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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